Introduction to Modern Periodic Table of Elements:
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The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their properties. Elements are presented in increasing atomic number. Atomic number is the number of electrons present in an atom of an element.Atoms of all the elements try to get 8 electrons in their outer most shell (valence shell) of the atom (Octet rule). In doing so, each atom gain or lose /share electrons with the atoms of other elements resulting in the formation of compounds.The atoms of rare gases or noble gases have their outermost shell (valence shell) completely filled. Hence they do not react
The main body of the table is a 18 × 7 grid, with gaps included in to keep elements with similar properties together, such as the halogens and the noble gases. These gaps form four distinct rectangular areas or blocks. The f-block is not included in the main table, but rather is usually floated below, as an inline f-block would make the table impractically wide. The periodic table accurately predicts the properties of various elements and the relations between properties.
Uses of Modern Periodic Table of Elements:
- Knowing the atomic number, it is easy to locate and predict the chemical properties of any element in the periodic table.
- The position of the element in the periodic table will help us to write its electronic configuration and identify the valence electrons in the atom of the element.
- It reveals the similarities, differences and trends in chemical properties of the elements clearly.
- One can easily write the molecular formula and predict the compound formed by the given two elements with the help of the periodic table.
Basics of Periodic Table of Classification of Elements
- The periodic table of
elements consists of horizontal rows called periods and
vertical columns called groups.
- There are 18 groups and 7
periods in the periodic table.
- The elements of group 1 have
one valence electron; group 2 elements have 2 valence electrons and
so on. Zero group elements have 8 electrons in their outermost
shell. Thus the elements of each group have similar properties.
- Thus one can identify the valence electrons of
the atom of the element from the group it is placed.
- Lanthanides and actinides falling
under the same group are shown separately below the table.
- The elements in I period have
their electrons placed in one shell or they have only one main
shell. The elements of the II period have two main shells and so on.
- Elements on the left side of the
periodic table are called metals. Elements on the right side of the
periodic table are occupied by non metals. The metals and non metals
are separated by metalloids. One can tell that the metals take most part
of the table by glancing at it.
- Metallic to non metallic decreases along a period of the periodic table.
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